Genesis chapter 2 describes the location of the Garden of Eden in relation to four rivers. Three of these rivers are known, and one is a mystery. Watch this episode of Expedition Bible as Joel travels across Saudi Arabia in search of the Lost River of Eden.
Galatians 1 :8-9.
But even if we, or an angelfrom heaven, preach any other gospel to you than what we have preached to you, let him be accursed accursed.
Genesis 2 :7-17.
Then Adonai, God, formed a person from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, so that he became a living being. Adonai, God, planted a garden toward the east, in ‘Eden, and there he put the person whom he had formed. Out of the ground Adonai, God, caused to grow every tree pleasing in appearance and good for food, including the tree of life in the middle of the garden and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
A river went out of ‘Eden to water the garden, and from there it divided into four streams. The name of the first is Pishon; it winds throughout the land of Havilah, where there is gold. The gold of that land is good; aromatic resin and onyx stone are also found there. The name of the second river is Gichon; it winds throughout the land of Kush. The name of the third river is Tigris; it is the one that flows toward the east of Ashur. The fourth river is the Euphrates.
Adonai, God, took the person and put him in the garden of ‘Eden to cultivate and care for it. Adonai, God, gave the person this order: “You may freely eat from every tree in the garden except the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. You are not to eat from it, because on the day that you eat from it, it will become certain that you will die.”
Narrated by Aisha (the 6-year-old wife of the Prophet Muhammad):
The commencement of the divine inspiration of Allah’s Messenger was in the form of TRUE DREAMS. Then he began to like seclusion, so he used to go in seclusion in the cave of Hira, where he used to worship Allah continuously for many nights before going back to his family to take the necessary provision of food for the stay. He came back to his wife, Khadija, again to take his provision of food; likewise, till one day he received guidance while he was in the cave of Hira.
An angel came and asked him to read. Allah’s Messenger replied, “I do not know how to read.” The Prophet added, “Then the angel held me forcibly and pressed me so hard that I felt distressed.
Then he released me and again asked me to read, and I replied, ‘I do not know how to read.’ Thereupon, he held me again and pressed me for the second time till I felt distressed. He then released me and asked me to read, but again, I replied. ‘I do not know how to read.’ Thereupon he held me for the third time and pressed me till I got distressed, and then he released me and said, ‘Read, in the Name of your Lord, Who has created all that exists, he created man out of a clot, Read!
1 Timothy 4 :1-5.
The Spirit expressly states that in the latter times some people will apostatize from the faith by paying attention to deceiving spirits and things taught by demons. Such teachings come from the hypocrisy of liars whose own consciences have been burned, as if with a red-hot branding iron. They forbid marriage and require abstinence from foods which God created to be eaten with thanksgiving by those who have come to trust and to know the truth. For everything created by God is good, and nothing received with thanksgiving needs to be rejected, because the word of God and prayer make it holy.
And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught the writing) by the pen, he taught man that which he knew not.” (Surah 96 :1-5). Then Allah’s Messenger returned with that experience, and the muscles between his neck and shoulders were trembling till he came upon Khadija and said, “Cover me!” They covered him, and when the state of fear was over, he said to Khadija, “O Khadija! What is wrong with me? I was afraid that something bad might happen to me.” Then he told her the story. Khadija said, “Nay! But receive the good tidings! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you, for by Allah, you keep good relations with your Kith and kin, speak the truth, help the poor and the destitute, entertain your guests generously, and assist those who are stricken with calamities.” Khadija then took him to Waraqa bin Naufil, the son of Khadija’s paternal uncle. Waraqa had been converted to Christianity in the Pre-lslamic period and he used to write Arabic and the Gospel in Arabic as much as Allah wished him to write. He was an old man and had lost his eyesight. Khadija said to Waraqa, “O my cousin! Listen to what your nephew is going to say.” Waraqa said, “O my nephew! What have you seen?” The Prophet then described whatever he had seen. Waraqa said, “This is the same angel Gabriel who was sent to Moses. I wish I were young.” He added some other statements. Allah’s Messenger asked, “Will these people drive me out?” Waraqa said, “Yes, for nobody brought the like of what you have brought but was treated with hostility. If I were to remain alive till your day when you start preaching, then I would support you strongly.” But a short while later, Waraqa died, and the divine inspiration was stopped for a while, so that Allah’s Messenger was very much grieved.
The Prophet became so sad as we have heard that he intended several times to throw himself from the tops of high mountains, and every time he went up the top of a mountain in order to throw himself down, Jibril would appear before him and say, O Muhammad! You are indeed Allah’s Apostle in truth, whereupon his heart would become quiet, he would calm down, and he would return home. And whenever the period of the coming of the inspiration used to become long, he would do as before, but when he used to reach the top of a mountain, Jibril would appear before him and say to him what he had said before.
REFERENCE: Sahih Al-Bukhari 1: Chapter 93, Hadith 6982 and Sahih Al-Bukhari 4953 Book 65, Hadith 475.
The inspirations of Muhammad were daydreams. He didn’t see an angel.
The so-called angel didn’t greet him, introduce himself, or reveal the name of the one who sent him to Muhammad.
The cousin of Khadija, Waraqa was a prophet before Muhammad became a prophet. He’s the one who prophesied that Muhammad would be a preacher. Waraq had the ability to see things he never saw with his own eyes; his power to see the unseen enabled him to know who visited Muhammad in the cave of Hira and choked him three times because he refused to read.
If Moses were alive today, he would tear down the Kabbah and destroy all Kuffar in the land of his father-in-law.
Moses’s father-in-law was an Arab, a Bedouin, and a priest (Exodus 2:15–22). Moses lived in Saudi Arabia when he left Egypt. Moses and the Burning Bush happened on the holy mountain of God in Saudi Arabia Exodus 3. Compare with Surah 27 :7-14.
Bearded Muhammadans wouldn’t miss the significance of God’s commands to Musa if they were smart and their lips and brains worked in unison.
Moses said to the children of Israel: « Attack the seven nations in the land that God promised to your fathers. » Deuteronomy 7 :1. How clear must this be for anyone to understand that the order of Moses was limited to the Israelites, that it’s temporal, and that it covers a specific area of land? Was he talking to the Chinese?
It’s incomparable to Allah’s orders in Surah 9 :29 « Fight those who do not believe in Allah and the last day. » here the struggle is PERPETUAL.
For the Chinese to invade Mongolia or Palestine today and justify their actions by using a mandate God gave to Moses in the Old Testament would be absurd. Not even a child can do it.
In fact, Moses didn’t tell them to subdue the universe to Judaism. More so, at that time, the Chinese were pagans, and they still worship the dragon even now. In addition, the Hindus can still worship Braham, Vishnu, and Shiva in the present day because the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob did not give a command to destroy them.
No king of Israel ever disturbed them like Muslims do today—not even Salomon in all his power. Salomon did business with the Arabs, 2 Chronicles 9 :13-15 and 1 Kings 10 :14-16.
Egypt, which had long been a pagan nation before the Exodus, was never invaded by the Israelites. Simply put, your argument is baseless and diabolical.
God didn’t tell Abraham, David, or Salomon to marry many wives.
Could you have sexual relations with a woman who sleeps with dogs? Could you have sex with a man who sleeps with goats? That’s how corrupt the people Moses destroyed were. Do you know where HIV/AIDS comes from or how many diseases such practices cause to spread among people?
Muslim scholars use the story of the daughters of Lot, who slept with their dad, as evidence that the Bible is immoral. In fact, Lot and his family were to be destroyed, along with the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. The act of the daughters of Lot is evidence that they deserved death because they were corrupted like the people of Sodom and Gomorrah.
It was Abraham who pleaded to God if He would destroy them if there were fifty good men in the city. Muhammad copied the story of the “Night journey” on account of the fifty daily prayers in this passage of the Holy Bible.
Abraham wasn’t a fool like Muhammad, who wasn’t concerned to question Allah about the number of prayers. Abraham understood that there weren’t fifty good men in the two cities; otherwise, they wouldn’t be destroyed. That’s why he reduced the numbers to forty-five, then up to ten.
If Lot and his daughters had died in the fire, you would still complain to us that Jesus killed your prophet Lot and his family in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. How and why do you believe prophets are holy? Your prophet Lot was a sinner, and Salomon was a Kuffar and a Mushrik? Don’t you know that Moses didn’t enter the promised land because he sinned? He disbelieved (Kufr) Numbers 20:12, but he’s not in hell with Salomon and Muhammad. Jesus rescued him when he visited the land of the dead after he died.
Is Allah the God of Moses? NO!
Exodus 3 :15 God also said to Moses, “Say to the Israelites, ‘The Lord, the God of your fathers—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob—has sent me to you.’
This is MY NAME FOREVER, the name you shall call me from GENERATION TO GENERATION
Genesis 18:20-31 Then Abraham approached him and said: “Will you sweep away the righteous with the wicked? 24 What if there are fifty righteous people in the city? Will you really sweep it away and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people in it?
25 Far be it from you to do such a thing—to kill the righteous with the wicked, treating the righteous and the wicked alike. Far be it from you! Will not the judge of all the earth do right?”
26 The LORD said, “If I find fifty righteous people in the city of Sodom, I will spare the whole place for their sake.”
27 Then Abraham spoke up again: “Now that I have been so bold as to speak to the Lord, though I am nothing but dust and ashes, 28 what if the number of the righteous is five less than fifty? Will you destroy the whole city for lack of five people?”
“If I find forty-five there,” he said, “I will not destroy it.”
29 Once again he spoke to him, “What if only forty are found there?”
He said, “For the sake of forty, I will not do it.”
Deuteronomy 7:1 When the Lord your God brings you into the land you are entering to possess and drives out before you many nations—the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites, seven nations larger and stronger than you—
2 and when the LORD your God has delivered them over to you and you have defeated them, then you must destroy them totally. Make no treaty with them, and show them no mercy.
3 Do not intermarry with them. Do not give your daughters to their sons or take their daughters for your sons,
4 for they will turn your children away from following me to serve other gods, and the LORD’s anger will burn against you and will quickly destroy you.
5 This is what you are to do to them: Break down their altars, smash their sacred stones, cut down their Asherah poles and burn their idols in the fire.
The bearded men should tell you the truth about the three ASHERAH poles and the SACRED STONE inside the Kabbah
Is Allah capable of making people understand his words in all languages, no matter what language they’re translated from? NAY! He’s incapable of making a miracle for the tribes of Quraysh to understand the Quran in Arabic at the time of Rassulululah Muhammad. That’s why he sent the Quran in seven letters (or seven different words). Can you believe it? People are not capable to understand Allah’s gibberish in one language (Arabic). To misguide people—that’s Allah’s miracle. Dhul-Qarnain, or Alexander the Great, didn’t build a dam; he built a causeway to attack the Island of Tyr (Surah 18:83–99). It took him 8 months; the Arabs helped him with the timber necessary for the construction. Muhammad wasn’t intelligent; he didn’t comprehend the story the Bedouins told him. The story—known as the (Siege of Tyr 332 BC – Alexander the Great DOCUMENTARY)—is well documented, and the causeway is there.
The account of Abraham blaming his father’s big idol for smashing all his statues can be found in the Book of Jasher, Chapter 11, starting with verse 29. The name of Abraham’s father is Terah, not Azar. Ref: https://sacred-texts.com/chr/apo/jasher/9.htm
The story of Abraham worshipping the stars, the moon, and the sun can be found in the Book of Jasher, Chapter 9 verses 13 – 19. But Allah and Muhammad messed up the chronology in the Quran.
Allah lied in the Quran; he claimed he transformed the Jews into pigs and monkeys Surah 5:60. The story is in the Book of Jasher, Chapter 9, verse 35.
In Chapter 12 of the same Book of Jasher, there is a description of Abraham being cast into the flames.
Satan’s Refusal to Prostrate before Adam is copied from the apocryphal book the “Life of Adam and Eve” verses 11 to 17. Ref: www.unicorngarden.com/adameve.htm
The Book of Jubilees contains the fiction and the writing style of the Quran (the “We” majestic). Read the Book of Jubilees, Section III « Paradise, and the Fall » verses 10 & 31, and Section II « The Angel dictates to Moses the Primæval History » verse 2, and Section IV Cain and Abel verses 1, 5 & 8–9. https://sacred-texts.com/bib/jub/jub15.htm#fr_129
Who auctioned off Joseph as a slave to an Egyptian?
Who else would participate in human trafficking if not the Arabs?
So when the MIDIANITE merchants came by, his brothers pulled Joseph up out of the cistern and sold him for twenty shekels of silver to the ISHMAELITES, who took him to Egypt. 36 Meanwhile, the Midianites sold Joseph in Egypt to Potiphar, one of Pharaoh’s officials, the captain of the guard. Genesis 37:28
Arabs have no respect for human beings; may Al-Lah curse them and their children; they sold Yusuf, the mighty Prophet of Al-Lah to the Muhirkin Kuffaar of Egypt for ten dollars. What would you say if someone sold Rasulullah Muhammad as a slave to the Kuffaar Buddhists? Midian and Ishmael were the sons of Abraham. Midian lived in Saudi Arabia; Ishmael lived in the coastal regions of East Africa.
The God of Abraham did many miracles with Moses in the desert of Saudi Arabia when he left Egypt. Allah doesn’t know that the inhabitants of Midian are Arabs; he has contradicted himself by claiming that Muhammad is the first person he has sent to the Arabs. Surah 28 :43-46.
Moreover, God sent the prophet Jeremiah to the Arabs, Jeremiah 25:17-24.
If Al-Lah could pick one mountain to make it disappear, as he claimed in (Surah 7:143), and keep Moses and the trees around him safe, why can’t he keep the whole earth safe when he comes down?
The story narrated by Al-Lah is incorrect
« When Moses came at the appointed time and his Lord spoke to him, he asked, “My Lord! Reveal Yourself to me so I may see You.” Allah answered, “You cannot see Me! But look at the mountain. (…) When his Lord appeared to the mountain, He levelled it to dust, and Moses collapsed unconscious. » Surah 7 :143 Is Al-Lah amnesiac?
Does he not recall that the mountain did not crumble when he appeared to Moses, and there was a POWERFUL WIND an EARTHQUAKE and FIRE when he appeared to Elijah?
The mountain collapsed when Al-Lah displayed his magnificence in front of it when he came down to speak to the prophet Elijah. How could he forget it? 1 Kings 19 :9-14.
You could say the Bible is false; why would anyone change this particular story?
Al-Lah purported that he formed Adam with his two right hands, Surah 38 :71-74. Muhammad claimed that Al-Lah is not a spiritual being. If the claim is to be believed, Al-Lah must be a physical being to touch and manipulate mud with his two right hands. If he’s not a spirit, or a physical being or a light such as the sun, the moon and the stars, what is he made of?
ADAM
I do not believe the story of Adam in the Quran. Also, Al-Lah said: « When his Lord Allah appeared to the mountain, He levelled it to dust, and Moses collapsed unconscious. » Surah 7 :143.
Here is a critical question you must try to answer: is it possible for Allah to use his two right hands to touch mud? Why the mountain collapsed if he could come down from his throne and touch mud to shape Adam? Shouldn’t the mud explode in his hands and cover his white Hijab with dirt?
Can you picture Allah, the mighty and majestic god, playing with mud as he created the prophet, Adam? Did he cover his surgical table with mud? How long did Allah play in the dirt while bending over to show the angels his or her magnificent behind?
Muhammad lied; the great Al-Lah did not create man because he cannot enter his creation and he cannot touch Mud because he will become dirty. Al-Lah is a deity who forbade himself from entering his creation and from touching muck.
You people say, “He’s majestic.” Try to imagine the great god Al-Lah sitting down on the ground and playing with mud to create the prophet, Adam. Perhaps he was on his knees when he moulded Adam. If you believe Al-Lah was on his knees when he moulded Adam, that’s shirk. It means Al-Lah bowed down before the lifeless statue of Adam. Perhaps it’s the reason why he was angry with Iblis when he refused to prostrate before Adam as he did.
You believe Al-Lah is Nuur, your scholars do not agree with you.
Tafseer Ibn Katheer Surah Al Isra Ayah 11: « Salman Al-Farisi and Ibn Abbas mentioned the story of Adam, when he wanted to get up before his soul reached his feet. When his soul was breathed into him, it entered his body from his head downwards. When it reached his brain he sneezed, and said, “Al-Hamdu Lillah” (praise be to Lah), and Allah said, “May your Lord have mercy on you, O Adam.” When it reached his eyes, he opened them, and when it reached his body and limbs, he started to stare at them in wonder. He wanted to get up before it reached his feet, but he could not. He said, O Lord make it happen BEFORE NIGHT COMES »
Can you imagine that even the prophet Adam was worried Al-Lah wouldn’t be able to finish creating him in the dark because the light of Al-Lah is as bright as the light of a candle? Your prophet confirmed Adam feared the darkness in the presence of Al-Lah. Al-Lah isn’t An-Nuur and he didn’t say “Kun Faya Kun” be Adam.
Then, when Al-Lah finished playing with mud, how did he clean himself, with the water of Zam-Zam? Or did he jump into the Mediterranean Sea? And who washed his hijab or black abaya, Jibril? And why Al-Lah said to Adam, “may your lord have mercy on you?” Is he making a wish or praying to another god? This story is false; it doesn’t make sense.
Al-Lah isn’t the Lord of the Universe; he didn’t create water because he found it and built a boat to house his throne, Sahih al-Bukhari 7418. Why does he need water and air in paradise?
Atheist will go to Jannah
>>So, by Allah the One, a man amongst you may do good deeds till there is only a cubit between him and Paradise and then what has been written for him decides his behaviour and he starts doing evil deeds characteristic of the people of the Hell Fire and enters it. Similarly, a man amongst you may do evil deeds till there is only a cubit between him and the Hell Fire, and then what has been written for him decides his behaviour, and he starts doing deeds characteristic of the people of Paradise.” Sahih al-Bukhari 3208. Book 59, Hadith 19.<<<
We are pleased to share with you this testimony of a former devil worshiper.
It is the account of a young South African kid who, over the course of nearly a decade, rose through the ranks while serving the devil.
At 7 minutes 38 seconds, it’s Genesis 2, 24.
It is a testimony that, compared to the testimonies of other former servants of satan, is very simple, and clean. Clean in the sense that she has made an effort to recount her testimony without mixing it with the abominations that we are used to reading in the testimonies of former Satanists. This testimony is therefore simplified, relatively short, but very rich. It is in two parts. It confirms the teaching on Spiritual Warfare that we put at your disposal a few years ago. We encourage you to read both parts and take the warnings that the Lord gives us through it, very seriously. We also strongly advise you to reread our teaching on Spiritual Warfare in full. May the Lord grant you the grace to get rid of all worldly things and to sanctify yourselves while waiting for the sound of the trumpet!
The University of Al-Azhar is a public university in Cairo, Egypt. It is Egypt’s oldest degree-granting university – and the world’s second-oldest degree-granting University – and is renowned as the most prestigious university for Islamic learning.
What was discussed in the debate:
allah comes down every day in the 3rd part of the night to the lowest heaven to hear the prayers of Muslims.
allah’s chair is carried by a mountain goat.
allah didn’t speak to Musa from the tree in the desert, it wasn’t his voice.
allah is a physical being.
allah has a leg.
Christian Prince is an author and a Christian Apologist. He was born and raised in a Christian family in the Middle East and he is a native Arabic speaker who is fluent in the Quranic language. His journey in investigating Islam started after his teachers criticized his religion.
From then on, he became determined to study Islam and eventually earned a degree in Islamic Law (Sharia Law) & Civil Law. He is the author of the Book “The Deception of Allah” and “Qur’an And Science in Depth” and “Sex and allah” and many more, with some books translated into French, Spanish, German, Swedish and Indonesian.
Christian Prince has an endless history of debating Muslims and presenting the truth to millions of Muslims and Christians around the world. He travels to numerous countries doing sought-after seminars and applauded debates. He has generously provided the public with thousands of educational videos easily accessible online.
The most crucial thing a Muslim must understand in the Christian faith is that GOD Almighty does not hear the prayers of sinners (John 9:31). It’s deeply rooted in the old testament in the time of Moses because GOD did not allow anyone to make a sacrifice to him when Moses was the ruler of the jew. And a prayer wasn’t sufficient because a sacrifice had to be performed according to the sin as it was written in the Torah. Only the sons of Aaron could make sacrifices to GOD for the sins of the people.
They were the chosen tribe among Israel to make sacrifices for the people coming to the temple of GOD. And, once a year, the most holy priest among them had to enter the temple’s holiest place to present the blood of the sheep for the atonement of the sins of all the Israelites. The law of Moses comprises 1) the Ten Commandments, 2) the laws, and 3) the precepts; you must differentiate them. Essentially, nobody had the right to make a sacrifice for himself; only the priest of the tribe of Levi, the ancestor of Aaron. Moses was the king of Israel and at the same time the high priest, Aaron was like his prophet. Exode 7.1-2
Why the sacrifice of Cain wasn’t accepted?
It’s because he sacrificed fruits and herbs thinking it was right. It is pretty much what Muslims do, they think they can pray the way they like but their prayers do not go far.
Before Moses, everyone did whatever they see fit. You need Jesus, you need the Holy Spirit to intercede on your behalf.
GOD Almighty is Holy, you cannot come before him without a high priest. This means that you need an advocate to speak on your behalf because you are not fit to come in His presence.
The Lord said: Yet a time is coming and has now come when the true worshipers will worship the Father in the Spirit and in truth, for they are the kind of worshipers the Father seeks. 24 God is spirit, and his worshipers must worship in the Spirit and in truth.”
25 The woman said, “I know that Messiah” (called Christ) “is coming. When he comes, he will explain everything to us.”
26 Then Jesus declared, “I, the one speaking to you—I am he.”
Can an employment system hide a reality of torture and humiliation?
Maid in Hell introduces us to 35-year-old Mary Kibwana, who is just one of the thousands of migrant women working as a domestic helpers in Jordan. Following an incident at her employer’s residence, Mary is flown back to her home in Kenya – where she arrives wheelchair-bound, with burns covering 70 percent of her body. Two months later, Mary dies as a result of her injuries. This story offers a glimpse into the commonplace reality of harassment, abuse, rape and 18-hour workdays that migrant domestic workers across the Middle East face. Trapped by the Kafala system, their passports are confiscated and they are bound to their employer.
Unable to flee, they risk harsh punishments or imprisonments if they try. “Maid in Hell” gives unprecedented access to this frightening and brutal form of modern slavery. Following employment agents who vividly describe the trade, as well as maids who struggle to find a way home after harrowing, and sometimes, deadly experiences, we come to understand the grotesque reality faced by thousands of women each day.
Muslims Angered by the Reality of Homosexuality in Jannah جنة
Every Muslim man is looking forward to getting handsome white boys in Jannah جنة. The prophet said they will pour liquor into the cups of men resting on the couch and serve them food. However, the hadiths say that they will not bleed, and people believe that the prophet is promising the Muslim men child abuse in Jannah in committing homosexual acts. The verse says:
We discuss the claim that the Nation of Islam made regarding their god allah and the prophet Muhammad.
When we read Quran in surat Ali-Imran verse 106 and surat Al-Zumar verse 60, it is quite clear that this book was made by a very racist uneducated man.
The “Origin of Islam” series is intended to provide a big-picture look at how Islam started.
Looking at the corrections made by the scribe who wrote one of the oldest Quranic manuscripts, we can reconstruct the original contents of the Quran. Where Islam came from, how it evolved and how we ended up with the religion we know today. I’m introducing the historical-critical method as it’s applied to the Quran and paint a new narrative based on primary evidence and linguistic analysis.
No Mecca prior to the 7th century | Speakers’ Corner debate
The Archeological Evidence against Islam – Shaking the Strongholds.
The Qur’an is facing a blistering attack from contemporary scholarship. The mounting archaeological case against Islam. Muslims are adamant in asserting that the Qur’an is the final true word of God. However the historical reliability of Islam has been challenged by contemporary scholarship. Manuscript, documentary and archaeological evidence all fail to confirm the claims of Islam. In the last issue (Isa Masih no. 6, p8-9) we exposed the gaps in qur’anic manuscript evidence, and revealed apocryphal sources for much of the Qur’an’s borrowed mythology. Here, we explore the mounting case against Islam from external documentary sources and modern archaeology.
Much of what the Qur’an maintains is at odds with historical data from the 7th-8th centuries. Specifically:
The Jews retained a relationship with the Arabs until at least AD 640, not 624 AD.
Mecca was not the first and most important city in the world; it was unknown until the end of the 7th century and was not even on the international trade route.
The Qibla (direction of prayer) was not fixed towards Mecca until the 8th century but to an area further north, possibly Jerusalem.
The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem was possibly the original sanctuary.
Muhammad was not known as the Seal of the Prophets until the late 7th century; the creeds from Muhammad’s time contain a monotheistic religion but no Muhammadan formulae.
The earliest we even hear of the Qur’an is not until the mid-8th century.
The earliest qur’anic writings on coins and on the Dome of the Rock do not coincide with the current qur’anic text.
This suggests the Qur’an we now read is not the same as that which was supposedly collated and canonized in 650 AD by Uthman. The earliest qur’anic manuscripts in our possession today (dating from 790 AD) would appear to reflect an evolution in the qur’anic text. This challenges the Muslim contention that the Qur’an contains the original and exact revelation of Allah, as recited by Muhammad and hence strikes at the very heart of the Islamic faith. The Qur’an has in the past been protected by a kind of doctrinal embargo- but can Muslims ignore the mounting tide of evidence to the contrary?
